Glenn Hegar
Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts
Glenn Hegar
Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts
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Glenn Hegar
Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts
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The West Texas Region2022 Regional Report

West Texas Region Snapshot

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About the 2022 Regional Reports

The 2022 regional reports use the latest available annual data from a variety of state and federal sources on or about Sept. 1, 2021. The data for the 2020 U.S. Census is as of Oct. 1, 2021. Sources include JobsEQ, REMI, Texas A&M Real Estate Center, Texas Department of Transportation, U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts.

The 30-county West Texas region covers about 39,800 square miles in western Texas, stretching from the cities of Mason and Brady in the east to the Rio Grande just south of Dryden and north to the city of Seminole.

The West Texas region contains three metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs): The Midland MSA, comprising the counties of Martin and Midland; the Odessa MSA, comprising Ector County; and the San Angelo MSA, comprising Irion and Tom Green counties. The region’s other 25 counties are not associated with an MSA.

This report examines regional economic information and trends regarding population, personal income, jobs and wages, and education, as well as economic conditions unique to the West Texas region.

Demographics

Population

According to the 2020 Census, the West Texas region had a total population of about 650,000, or 2 percent of the state’s total population. Ector and Midland counties both accounted for about 26 percent of the region’s population.

The region’s population has grown by about 13 percent (more than 75,000 people) since the 2010 Census, compared to 15.9 percent growth statewide. Andrews County led regional gains during this period at 25.9 percent, followed by Midland County at 24.2 percent. Despite overall growth in the region, 18 of the 30 counties in the region lost population during this 10-year period (Exhibit 1).

The median age of the West Texas region was 33.1 years in 2019, less than the state median age of 34.6 years. The Midland MSA (31.7 years) and the Odessa MSA (30.4 years) were both significantly younger than the state. Gaines (27.8 years) was the youngest county in the region, and Loving and Terrell (55.2 years) were the oldest (Exhibit 1). An area’s age distribution can reveal can reveal specific challenges. A younger county may prioritize education and workforce development, for example, while an older county might face retirement issues and higher health care costs.

Exhibit 1
West Texas Region Population by County, 2010 and 2020
County 2010 Census 2020 Census Change 2010 to 2020 Percent Change Median Age
Andrews 14,786 18,610 3,824 25.9% 30.8
Borden 641 631 -10 -1.6% 41.7
Coke 3,320 3,285 -35 -1.1% 48.1
Concho 4,087 3,303 -784 -19.2% 45.3
Crane 4,375 4,675 300 6.9% 32.7
Crockett 3,719 3,098 -621 -16.7% 38.8
Dawson 13,833 12,456 -1,377 -10.0% 33.5
Ector 137,130 165,171 28,041 20.4% 30.4
Gaines 17,526 21,598 4,072 23.2% 27.8
Glasscock 1,226 1,116 -110 -9.0% 30.8
Howard 35,012 34,860 -152 -0.4% 36.5
Irion 1,599 1,513 -86 -5.4% 42.7
Kimble 4,607 4,286 -321 -7.0% 52.1
Loving 82 64 -18 -22.0% 55.2
Martin 4,799 5,237 438 9.1% 32.7
Mason 4,012 3,953 -59 -1.5% 46.3
McCulloch 8,283 7,630 -653 -7.9% 44.6
Menard 2,242 1,962 -280 -12.5% 51.8
Midland 136,872 169,983 33,111 24.2% 31.7
Pecos 15,507 15,193 -314 -2.0% 35.9
Reagan 3,367 3,385 18 0.5% 30.0
Reeves 13,783 14,748 965 7.0% 35.8
Schleicher 3,461 2,451 -1,010 -29.2% 36.2
Sterling 1,143 1,372 229 20.0% 40.8
Sutton 4,128 3,372 -756 -18.3% 38.6
Terrell 984 760 -224 -22.8% 55.2
Tom Green 110,224 120,003 9,779 8.9% 34.1
Upton 3,355 3,308 -47 -1.4% 39.6
Ward 10,658 11,644 986 9.3% 33.9
Winkler 7,110 7,791 681 9.6% 33.1
West Texas Region 571,871 647,458 75,587 13.2% 33.1
Midland MSA 141,671 175,220 33,549 23.7% 31.7
Odessa MSA 137,130 165,171 28,041 20.4% 30.4
Texas Total 25,145,561 29,145,505 3,999,944 15.9% 34.6

Note: Median age data for the counties are from the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 2015 to 2019. Region median age calculations are from JobsEQ.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau


Median Household Income and Income Distribution

The West Texas region had a median household income of $63,488 in 2019, up from $45,968 in 2010, a 38.1 percent increase. Median household income in Texas, by comparison, was $61,874 in 2019, up 24.6 percent from 2010.

The region’s income distribution is very similar to that of the state (Exhibit 2).

Exhibit 2
West Texas Region vs. Texas Household Income Distribution, 2019
Income Level West Texas Region State Total
less than $25,000 19% 19%
$25,000 to $49,999 22% 22%
$50,000 to $74,999 18% 18%
$75,000 to $99,999 13% 13%
$100,000 or more 28% 29%

Note: Figures may not sum due to rounding.
Source: Income distribution derived by JobsEQ using data from U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey, 2015 to 2019.


Education

Occupational Earnings by Educational Attainment Requirements

A strong educational foundation provides a cornerstone for growth and competitiveness in the global economy. Postsecondary education delivers a good return on investments of time and tuition.

Data for 2021 indicate that occupations in the West Texas region requiring at least an associate degree or certificate paid an average of $4,333 more annually than those requiring less than a postsecondary education. Occupations requiring at least a bachelor’s degree paid an average of $42,933 more (Exhibit 3).

Exhibit 3
Occupational Levels and Average Annual Wages by Educational Attainment Requirements, West Texas Region and Texas, 2021
Educational Attainment Number Employed, Region Percent of Region Average Annual Earnings, Region Number Employed, Texas Percent of Texas Average Annual Earnings, Texas
No Postsecondary Award 238,595 73.2% $43,767 9,051,532 61.8% $44,733
Associate Degree or Certificate 24,075 7.4% $48,100 1,120,514 7.6% $47,600
Bachelor's Degree 45,013 13.8% $86,700 2,987,310 20.4% $88,800
Postgraduate Degree 18,165 5.6% $109,200 1,509,671 10.3% $110,300

Note: Figures may not sum due to rounding.
Source: JobsEQ; Education requirement category assignments are from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics


Regional Institutions of Higher Education

A postsecondary education also offers opportunity for greater job prospects, workplace advancement, higher wages and the development of a richer world view. The West Texas region offers a variety of options for higher educational achievement, including two universities and three junior and community colleges (Exhibit 4).

Exhibit 4
West Texas Region Institutions of Higher Education and Enrollments, Fall 2020
Institution Type of Institution Fall 2020 Enrollment
Angelo State University University 10,489
The University of Texas Permian Basin University 5,530
Howard County Junior College District Junior or Community College 3,764
Midland College Junior or Community College 4,763
Odessa College Junior or Community College 6,978

Source: Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board


Health Care

Availability of Hospital Services

Residents of the Upper East region have access to a variety of hospital services. General hospitals offer a comprehensive range of services and facilities for medical diagnoses and treatments, including surgical services. Special hospitals provide clinical laboratory facilities, diagnostic X-ray facilities, treatment facilities or other definitive medical treatments (Exhibit 5).

For a list of facilities offering services other than hospitals – such as rural health clinics, community mental health centers and birthing centers – visit Texas Health and Human Services.

Exhibit 5
Major Health Care Facilities, West Texas Region, 2021
Facility Type Number of Facilities Total Number of Beds Average Number of Beds Per Facility
General Hospital 17 2,055 120.88
Special Hospital 12 327 31
Private Psychiatric Hospital 2 144 72
State Psychiatric Hospital 1 180 180

Note: State psychiatric hospitals data as of February 2019
Source: Texas Department of Health and Human Services


Health Care Access

Access to health care facilities adds to the viability of a community. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the share of Texans without health insurance — 18.4 percent in 2019 — was twice the national average of 9.2 percent.

In 2019, the rate of uninsured in the West Texas region ranged from a low of 11.4 percent in Loving County (the lowest in the state) to a high of 35.8 percent in Gaines County (the highest in the state); the overall rate for the region was 20.6 percent (Exhibit 6). (For additional information, see Uninsured Texans, Fiscal Notes, October 2020.)

Exhibit 6
West Texas Region, Uninsured by County, 2019
County Uninsured Population Percent Uninsured
Gaines 6,949 35.8%
Mason 883 29.4%
Menard 407 28.5%
Schleicher 553 24.9%
Pecos 2,871 24.8%
Kimble 718 23.8%
Dawson 2,193 23.2%
Reeves 2,435 22.2%
Ector 32,601 22.0%
Concho 442 21.9%
Ward 2,180 21.2%
McCulloch 1,290 21.0%
Winkler 1,458 21.0%
Andrews 3,532 20.9%
Crockett 593 20.9%
Sutton 628 20.7%
Upton 630 20.5%
Crane 850 20.4%
Martin 1,038 20.4%
Reagan 676 19.9%
Terrell 101 19.5%
Coke 470 19.3%
Glasscock 230 19.1%
Howard 5,082 19.1%
Sterling 209 19.0%
Midland 29,022 18.4%
Tom Green 16,924 17.6%
Irion 171 14.0%
Borden 60 12.3%
Loving 17 11.4%
West Texas Region 115,213 20.6%

Note: Uninsured population includes under 65 (ages 0-64)
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, SAHIE (Small Area Health Insurance Estimates)


Regional Economy and Employment

In 2020, the West Texas region had a gross domestic product (GDP) of $63.6 billion, about 3.6 percent of Texas’ statewide GDP of $1.8 trillion. Between 2010 and 2020, GDP rose by an average annual rate of 2.2 percent, less than the statewide average annual rate of 3.6 percent. In 2020, GDP fell from the previous year by 36 percent, compared to the state’s GDP fall of 4.7 percent. (GDP values not adjusted for inflation.) Preliminary data for the first two quarters of 2021, however, suggest a significant economic rebound in many industries and regions.

Regional Employment Levels

Of the 304,982 people employed in the West Texas region in 2020, 33.9 percent were in the Midland MSA, 24.5 percent were in the Odessa MSA, and 17.0 percent were in the San Angelo MSA. Between 2010 and 2020, regional employment rose by 17.8 percent, a faster pace than in the state (17.1 percent) and the U.S. (7.8 percent). During that time, employment in the Midland MSA rose by nearly 37 percent (Exhibit 7).

Exhibit 7
West Texas Region Employment, 2020
Locality Total Employed, 2020 Change 2010 to 2020 Percent Change 2010 to 2020
United States 150,028,344 10,838,037 7.8%
Texas 13,164,072 1,924,421 17.1%
West Texas Region 304,982 46,141 17.8%
Midland MSA 103,399 27,812 36.8%
Odessa MSA 74,660 10,635 16.6%
San Angelo MSA 51,893 1,886 3.8%

Source: JobsEQ using data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages


Regional Industries

In the five-year period between 2015 and 2020, total industry jobs in the West Texas region fell by 1.9 percent. During this period, by comparison, jobs rose by 3.3 percent in Texas and fell by 0.5 percent in the U.S.

The West Texas region’s largest industry sectors by employment are oil and gas, mining support, restaurants, education, health care and retail. Additionally, the region’s utility construction industry employs many workers and has seen considerable growth in the past five years (Exhibit 8).

Exhibit 8
Top 10 West Texas Region Industries by Employment, 2020
Industry Employment Average Annual Wages Location Quotient Employment Change, 2015 to 2020 Percent Employment Change, 2015 to 2020
Support Activities for Mining 31,080 $86,588 63.36 2,800 9.9%
Restaurants and Other Eating Places 21,916 $21,019 1.20 470 2.2%
Elementary and Secondary Schools 17,954 $47,121 1.13 -468 -2.5%
Oil and Gas Extraction 12,312 $153,270 44.57 -2,180 -15.0%
General Medical and Surgical Hospitals 11,586 $60,003 0.96 1,312 12.8%
Machinery, Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers 6,274 $81,244 4.45 -439 -6.5%
Utility System Construction 6,121 $81,539 5.51 2,731 80.5%
Justice, Public Order and Safety Activities 5,773 $64,307 1.48 36 0.6%
Building Equipment Contractors 5,618 $64,318 1.17 -402 -6.7%
Grocery Stores 5,340 $30,853 0.96 749 16.3%
Total - All Industries 304,982 $60,641 1.00 -2,081 -0.7%

Source: JobsEQ using data provided by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages


In addition to the mining support and utility construction industries, hospitals were leaders in regional job gains between 2015 and 2020 (Exhibit 9).

Exhibit 9
West Texas Region Industries with Largest Total Growth, 2015 to 2020
Industry Employment Average Annual Wages Location Quotient Employment Change, 2015 to 2020 Percent Employment Change, 2015 to 2020
Support Activities for Mining 31,080 $86,588 63.36 2,800 9.9%
Utility System Construction 6,121 $81,539 5.51 2,731 80.5%
General Medical and Surgical Hospitals 11,586 $60,003 0.96 1,312 12.8%
Grocery Stores 5,340 $30,853 0.96 749 16.3%
Specialized Freight Trucking 4,915 $66,745 5.25 605 14.0%

Source: JobsEQ using data provided by the U.S. Bureau of Labor StatisticsQuarterly Census of Employment and Wages


Using the location quotient (LQ) — a measure of an industry’s relative size in a region compared to its average size in the nation — oil and gas extraction and related services stand out as highly concentrated and unique to the regional economy. An LQ of 1.25 or higher indicates that the region has a comparative advantage in the industry (Exhibit 10).

Exhibit 10
Top West Texas Region Industries by Location Quotient, 2020
Industry Employment Average Annual Wages Location Quotient Employment Change, 2015 to 2020 Percent Employment Change, 2015 to 2020
Support Activities for Mining 31,080 $86,588 63.36 2,800 9.9%
Oil and Gas Extraction 12,312 $153,270 44.57 -2,180 -15.0%
Pipeline Transportation of Crude Oil 874 $121,387 34.74 352 67.3%
Sheep and Goat Farming 64 $23,544 20.10 -25 -28.5%
Commercial and Industrial Machinery and Equipment Rental and Leasing 3,223 $81,487 10.21 175 5.7%
Pipeline Transportation of Natural Gas 610 $156,637 9.58 5 0.8%
Other Crop Farming 1,037 $35,891 7.62 -335 -24.4%
Hunting and Trapping 105 $26,677 6.77 4 4.3%
Other Pipeline Transportation 109 $119,430 6.31 79 270.1%
Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers 1,773 $95,693 6.04 -299 -14.4%

Source: JobsEQ using data provided by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages


Regional Occupations

The West Texas region has a large number of people in labor and truck driving occupations, while occupations in oil and gas operations have a very high LQ in the region (Exhibit 11).

Exhibit 11
Top West Texas Region Occupations by Employment, 2020
Occupation Employment Average Annual Wages Location Quotient Employment Change, 2015 to 2020 Percent Employment Change, 2015 to 2020
Driver/Sales Workers and Truck Drivers 12,893 $47,400 1.85 1,229 10.5%
Laborers and Material Movers 9,590 $33,400 0.77 363 3.9%
Fast Food and Counter Workers 8,687 $22,900 1.25 460 5.6%
Cashiers 8,077 $25,600 1.17 -523 -6.1%
Retail Salespersons 7,599 $32,000 0.98 -531 -6.5%
Office Clerks, General 6,812 $37,800 1.17 73 1.1%
Derrick, Rotary Drill, and Service Unit Operators, Oil and Gas 6,704 $52,500 52.49 25 0.4%
Secretaries and Administrative Assistants 6,046 $39,000 0.90 -765 -11.2%
Building Cleaning Workers 5,796 $25,900 0.89 -116 -2.0%
General and Operations Managers 5,730 $119,200 1.20 549 10.6%

Source: JobsEQ using data provided by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages


West Texas Regional Infrastructure

Housing Affordability

The Texas Housing Affordability Index (THAI) from the Texas A&M Real Estate Center measures the ability of a household earning the median family income to purchase a median-priced home. An index ratio greater than 1 means that the median family income is more than the income required to purchase the median home in a specific area. The calculations for the index assume that consumers are making a down payment of 20 percent and have a family income that is 25 percent of the price of the median home.[1]

According to the THAI, a median-income family in all three MSAs in the West Texas region in 2020 would have more than sufficient income needed to afford the median home (Exhibit 12).[2] While home prices in the San Angelo area are more affordable than in the state as a whole, affordability in the Midland and Odessa areas is similar to the state.

Exhibit 12
Texas Housing Affordability Index,
West Texas Region, 2019 and 2020
Locality 2019 2020
State of Texas 1.43 1.78
Midland MSA 1.59 1.80
Odessa MSA 1.64 1.68
San Angelo MSA 1.75 2.18

Source: Texas A&M Real Estate Center


U.S. Military Installation Impact

Texas has 14 U.S. military installations within its borders. In 2019, these bases directly employed more than 226,000 and supported nearly 634,000 jobs in all. They also contributed an estimated $75.3 billion annually to the state’s GDP. Goodfellow Air Force Base, the only military installation within the West Texas region, had a significant positive impact on the Texas economy, supporting an estimated 21,000 jobs in 2019 and contributing about $2.7 billion to the state’s GDP (Exhibit 13). Learn more about the impact of U.S. military installations on the state’s economy.

Exhibit 13
U.S. Military Impact on West Texas Region, Estimated 2019
Region Total Jobs Supported U.S. Military Contribution to State GDP (billions)
State of Texas 633,892 $75.3
West Texas Region 21,410 $2.7

Sources: Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts; Texas Military Preparedness Commission and REMI


Regional Transportation

Metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) are federally mandated policymaking organizations created to coordinate transportation planning in urbanized areas. Two MPOs coordinate transportation planning in the West Texas region – the Permian Basin and San Angelo MPOs. Roadways within the region make up parts of the Abilene, Austin, Brownwood, Lubbock, Odessa and San Angelo Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) districts.

Road miles and vehicle miles traveled for the region’s roadway network, as of 2019, are listed by road type (Exhibit 14).

Exhibit 14
West Texas Region Road Miles and Daily Vehicle Miles Traveled, 2019
Road Type Centerline Miles Lane Miles Daily Vehicle Miles Traveled Daily Truck Miles Traveled
Certified County Roads 2,542.7 5,085.6 202,935.8 6,809.1
City Streets 272.6 555.6 135,997.3 5,089.4
Farm or Ranch to Market Roads and Spurs 767.1 1,537.5 483,809.4 120,569.6
Frontage Roads 35.5 71.1 6,664.1 830.3
Interstate Highways 54.3 217.3 610,634.7 215,688.9
Pass, Park and Recreation Roads 4.2 8.5 454.0 76.4
State Highways, Spurs, Loops, Business Routes 398.5 857.0 987,274.5 272,354.2
U.S. Highways 320.9 897.4 1,361,631.3 308,005.1
Total 4,395.9 9,230.0 3,789,401.2 929,423.0

Source: Texas Department of Transportation


Transit authorities and transit districts are governmental entities or companies that coordinate public transit in an area. The Midland, Odessa and San Angelo areas are served by their respective urban public transit districts, and rural transit is provided by Concho Valley Transit District, Hill Country Transit District and West Texas Opportunities Inc. (Exhibit 15).

Exhibit 15
West Texas Transit Districts, Revenue and Ridership Statistics, 2019
Transit District Type Total Operating Expense Total Revenue Unlinked Passenger Trips Passenger Trips Per Capita Operating Expense Per Trip
Midland-Odessa – EZ Rider Urban $5,358,517 $1,149,683 328,019 1.34 $16.34
San Angelo Urban $3,348,261 $1,236,133 104,852 2.9 $12.42
Concho Valley Transit District Rural $1,647,578 $637,759 30,504 0.53 $54.01
Hill Country Transit District Rural $2,537,996 $1,038,339 91,845 0.56 $27.63
West Texas Opportunities Inc. Rural $4,774,933 $2,159,735 92,563 0.47 $51.59

Source: Texas Department of Transportation


The state of Texas has 27 commercial service airports offering passenger service. Two of those commercial service airports are in the West Texas region (Exhibit 16).

Exhibit 16
West Texas Region Commercial Airports and Enplanements, 2019 and 2020
Airport Name City U.S. Rank 2019 Enplanements 2020 Enplanements Percent Change
Midland International Air and Space Port (MAF) Midland 109 672,382 319,570 -52.5%
San Angelo Regional/Mathis Field (SJT) San Angelo 253 66,390 35,623 -46.3%

Source: Federal Aviation Administration


Amtrak interstate passenger rail service runs three routes through the state (Texas Eagle, Heartland Flyer and Sunset Limited). Texans can get direct service to Chicago, Los Angeles, New Orleans and Oklahoma City, numerous stops along the way and connections to the rest of the country. Amtrak’s station stop in the West Texas region is in the city of Sanderson.

Ports of entry within Texas account for 17 percent of all U.S. international trade, and each region contributes to international trade in direct and indirect ways. The West Texas region has one direct trade official port of entry: Midland International Air and Space Port.[3]


Region vs. Texas

If the West Texas region were a state, it would be the 38th largest in terms of area and fourth for per capita income (Exhibit 17). For more information on how Texas and its distinct, diverse regions compare to the U.S. and other states, visit TexIndex.

Exhibit 17
West Texas Region Compared to the U.S.
Measure West Texas Region Rank as a State Texas State Rank U.S.
Square Miles 39,828 38 268,597 2 3,531,905
Population, 2020 Census 647,458 49 29,145,505 2 331,449,281
Population Percent Change, 2010 to 2020 13.2% 9 15.9% 3 7.4%
Population over 25 with at Least a High School Diploma, 2019 79.7% 51 83.7% 49 88.0%
Population over 25 with Bachelor’s Degree or Higher, 2019 19.6% 51 29.9% 28 32.1%
Per Capita Income, 2019 $70,579 4 $52,813 26 $56,490
Median Household Income, 2019 $63,488 20 $61,874 22 $62,843
Population Age 65 or Over, 2019 12.4% 50 12.9% 48 16.5%
Population Under Age 18, 2019 27.4% 2 25.5% 2 22.3%

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau; U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics and U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis


West Texas Region Economic Development Highlights

  • Sherbino II Wind Farm LLC is investing $215 million in a wind farm in Pecos County after reaching an agreement with Buena Vista Independent School District. Constructed in 2012, the wind farm has a capacity of 150 megawatts (MW), with 60 wind turbines generating 2.5 MW each.[4]
  • The CPV Rattlesnake Den Renewable Energy Company established a wind farm in Glasscock County. The farm planned for 118 wind turbines with a capacity of 1.7 MW each, for a total of 200 MW per year. The company proposed investing $310 million over the 8-year project timeline.[5]

Endnotes

Links are correct at the time of publication. The Comptroller's office is not responsible for external websites.

  1. Texas A&M Real Estate Research Center, “Texas Housing Affordability Index: Data Series Description,” (Last visited March 24, 2022)
  2. Texas A&M Real Estate Research Center, “Texas Housing Affordability Index (THAI),”  (Last visited March 24, 2022)
  3. U.S. Census Bureau, USA Trade Online
  4. Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts, Chapter 313 School Value Limitation, “Buena Vista ISD No. 174, Sherbino II Wind Farm” (Last visited March 22, 2022).
  5. Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts, Chapter 313 School Value Limitation, “Glasscock County ISD No. 303, CPV Rattlesnake Den Renewable Energy Company, LLC,” (Last visited March 22, 2022).

Questions?

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