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What is broadband?
Understanding Broadband: A Simple Guide
Welcome to the Broadband Development Office's (BDO) guide on broadband speed and the different technologies that provide it. Whether you're working from home, connecting with loved ones or playing online games, understanding the types of broadband connections available can help you get the best experience. Let’s break down some common definitions and technologies in easy-to-understand terms.
Broadband Speed Definitions
Broadband speeds are defined by the rate at which data is downloaded and uploaded, measured in megabits per second (Mbps).
Key terms
- Download speed:
- The rate at which data is transferred from the internet to your device, essential for activities like streaming and browsing.
- Upload speed:
- The speed at which data is sent from your device to the internet, which is important for sending files and participating in video calls.
- Speed labels:
- Internet speeds are often labeled using a format like 25/3 Mbps, which indicates a download speed of 25 Mbps and an upload speed of three Mbps.
- Latency:
- The time it takes for data to travel from one point to another over the internet. Lower latency means quicker responses.
How much speed do you need?
| Internet speed | Works for |
|---|---|
| 0–5 Mbps |
|
| 5–40 Mbps |
|
| 40–100 Mbps |
|
| 100–500 Mbps |
|
| 500–1,000+ Mbps |
|
Source: HighSpeedInternet.com, How much internet speed do I need?
Service Availability Definitions
Various broadband speed categories help define internet availability for locations, including homes, businesses and community anchor institutions. Knowing whether a home or business is served, unserved or underserved helps the BDO identify communities in need of support.
- Served locations:
- At least one internet service provider (ISP) offers broadband at speeds of 100/20 Mbps or higher.
- Unserved locations:
- No ISP offers broadband with a minimum speed of 25/3 Mbps.
- Underserved locations:
- At least one ISP offers broadband, but speeds are below the 25/3 Mbps minimum threshold.
You can use the Federal Communications Commission’s (FCC) National Broadband Map to find a location’s service category.
Types of Technology
Various types of broadband internet connections meet different needs, offering options based on factors such as available infrastructure and geographic location.
Fiber Optic Broadband
Fiber-optic broadband technology transmits data using glass or plastic fibers that carry information as light pulses. It is the fastest and most reliable high-speed broadband option, offering minimal latency.
Fixed Wireless Broadband
Fixed wireless home internet is a service that sends data using radio signals from a provider’s antenna to a special receiver at your home or business. This allows you to have a fast internet connection without needing fiber-optic or cable lines, but obstacles like buildings or trees can obstruct the service.
Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Satellite
LEO satellite broadband provides internet access via communication satellites, making it a suitable choice for remote or rural locations that do not have wired internet infrastructure. However, you might encounter higher latency compared to other types of internet connections.
Other Technologies
- Digital Subscriber Line (DSL):
- DSL uses existing phone lines to send data, offering faster speeds than a regular dial-up connection. However, the distance from the provider's central hub can impact the speed you receive.
- Cable Broadband:
- Cable broadband internet is faster than DSL because it uses coaxial cables. However, the connection speed can change based on how many users are online in the same area.
- 5G Home Internet:
- With the modern 5G wireless network, you can access 5G internet speeds at home. However, if the signal isn't strong enough, your connection may switch to 4G speeds.
Need assistance?
If your question is not addressed here, email us.