Franchise Tax Frequently Asked Questions

Total revenue for Texas franchise tax, specifically defined in TTC 171.1011, is tied to the amounts entered on specified lines from the federal return.

For franchise tax reports originally due on or after Jan. 1, 2026, the amounts taken from the federal return line items are calculated based on the Internal Revenue Code (IRC) in effect for that federal return. Where the statute or rule specifically references the IRC, the amounts are based on the IRC in effect as of Jan. 1, 2007.

For franchise tax reports due prior to Jan. 1, 2026, the amounts taken from the federal return line items are calculated based on the IRC in effect as of Jan. 1, 2007.

Note that the line numbers referred to in the statute and administrative rules are not revised annually to reflect changes in the IRS forms. The online franchise tax instructions are revised as soon as possible after an IRS form change.

Yes, the costs of uncompensated care that have been excluded from total revenue may not be subtracted as cost of goods sold or compensation.

No adjustment to the cost of goods sold or compensation deduction is necessary when excluding payments received under these programs.

According to CFR §1.61-8(c), "As a general rule, if a lessee pays any of the expenses of his lessor such payments are additional rental income of the lessor." Total revenue for franchise tax reporting is specifically defined in TTC §171.1011 and is tied to the amounts entered on specific lines from the federal return, to the extent the amount entered complies with federal income tax law, minus statutory exclusions. Based on the above IRS regulation, the reimbursement of expenses should be reported for federal tax purposes in gross rental income and not offset with the expenses. Therefore, for franchise tax reporting purposes, the expense reimbursements are included in total revenue.

Bad debt expensed for federal income tax purposes that corresponds to items of gross receipts included in total revenue for the current reporting period or a past reporting period may be excluded from total revenue. The principal repayment of a loan is not included in total revenue and therefore cannot be excluded from total revenue as a bad debt.

A professional employer organization or temporary employment service company may deduct from revenue the actual amounts a client company reimburses for wages reported on W-2s, payroll taxes and employee benefits, including workers' compensation. 1099 labor is not considered wages under the IRC or the TTC Chapter 171 and cannot be excluded from revenue.

To take the $500 credit per pro bono case, the attorney must maintain records and must report the pro bono hours to the State Bar. The $500 deduction can be taken based on the period when the first hours are reported to the State Bar.

If NDI is a negative number, treat it as a negative number when computing total revenue. Only subtract NDI to the extent it is included in total revenue. You should only exclude from revenue the income items; there is no "exclusion/deduction" for the expense items, because the expense items were not included in revenue.

A taxable entity that is a homeowners association and files IRS Form 1120-H computes total revenue based on the amounts reportable as income on Lines 1-7 of Form 1120-H. If a homeowners association files IRS Form 1120, total revenue is computed based on the amounts reportable as income on Lines 1c and Lines 4 through 10 of Form 1120.

Under TTC 171.1011(e) a taxable entity can only exclude from total revenue the taxable entity's share of net income of the passive entity if the margin of a taxable entity generated the net income of the passive entity. Therefore, a taxable entity that owns an interest in a passive entity may only exclude from total revenue, to the extent included:

• the taxable entity's share of net income of the passive entity from dividends,
• distributive shares of partnership income if the partnership is a taxable entity and
• income from a limited liability company (LLC), if the LLC is a taxable entity.

TTC Sections 171.1011(r) and 171.1011(s) allow an exclusion from total revenue for revenue received from oil or gas produced by a low-producing well (described in the next FAQ) during the Comptroller-certified dates when the monthly average closing price of West Texas Intermediate crude oil is below $40 per barrel or the average closing price of gas is below $5 per MMBtu, as recorded on the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX).

The Comptroller certifies and publishes this information on a monthly basis in the Texas Register.

According to TTC Section 171.1011(r):

• A low-producing oil well is a designated oil well whose production averages less than 10 barrels a day over a 90-day period. The 90-day period for an oil well is the certified month when the average closing price of oil is below $40 per barrel and the prior two calendar months.
• A low-producing gas well is a designated gas well whose production averages less than 250 mcf a day over a 90-day period. The 90-day period for a gas well is the certified month when the average price of gas is below $5.00 per MMBtu and the prior two calendar months.